Everything about Ziauddin Barani totally explained
Ziauddin Barani (
1285 -
1357) was an
Muslim historian and political
thinker who lived in India during
Muhammad bin Tughlaq and
Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the
Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, a major historical work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of
Ghiyas ud din Balban to the first six years of reign of
Firuz Shah Tughluq and the
Fatwa-i-Jahandari which details the Muslim Caste System in South Asia.
Life
He was born in aristocratic Muslim family in
1285 in which his father, uncle, and grandfather all working in high government posts under the
Sultan of Delhi. His maternal grandfather Husam-ud-Din, was an important officer of
Ghiyas ud din Balban and his father Muwayyid-ul-Mulk held the post of
naib of Arkali Khan, the son of Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji. His uncle Qazi Ala-ul-Mulk was the
Kotwal (police chief) of Delhi during the reign of Ala-ud-Din Khalji. Barani never held a post, but was a
nadim (companion) of
Muhammad bin Tughlaq for seventeen years. During this period he was very close to
Amir Khusro. After Tughlaq was deposed, he fell out of favor. In "Exile" he wrote two pieces dealing with government, religion, and history, which he hoped would endear him to the new sultan,
Firuz Shah Tughluq. He wasn't rewarded for his works and died poor in
1357.
Works
Fatwa-i-Jahandari
The
Fatwa-i-Jahandari is a work containing the political ideals to be pursued by a Muslim ruler in order to earn religious merit and the gratitude of his subjects.
His fatwa would condone segregation of the Muslim
ashraf upper castes and
ajlaf low castes, in addition to the
azral undercastes or the
Dalit Muslims who are regarded as "ritually polluted" by the ashraf.
The work delves into aspects of religion and government and the meeting of those two, as well as political philosophy. He notes:
{{cquote|Religion and temporal government are twins; that is, head of religion and the head of government are twin brothers. .
Other works
- Salvat-i-Kabir
- Sana-i-Muhammadi
- Hasratnama
- Inayatnama
- Ma’asir-i-Saadat
Further Information
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